Dr. received his M.D. with honors from Boston University School of Medicine at the age of 22. He then moved to Minnesota, to train in pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Hospitals.

After his internship, he entered the U.S. Public Health Service in 1972 as a commissioned officer and became a Staff Associate at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He spent the next three years at the NIH in Bethesda, Maryland, performing tumor immunology research. At that time he became interested in ocular immunology and in 1975 entered an ophthalmology residency at a University in Minnesota. This was followed by corneal and external disease fellowship training at Moorfield's Eye Hospital in London, England. Returning to Minneapolis, he entered private practice and in 1984 was one of the founding members of the an Eye Institute, a renown specialty eye hospital where he also has served as Chief of Ophthalmology.

Dr. is a Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology at a Minnesota School of Medicine. He is the President of Eye Association in Minnesota, . He is an attending surgeon at an Eye Institute. Dr. maintains an active refractive surgery practice as well as teaching and lecturing worldwide. He has authored or co-authored numerous scientific papers, book chapters and monographs

Dr. in the early 90's was awarded the Troutman Medal for his research paper on pain control in corneal laser surgery. In 1997, he was elected to the ISRS Board of Directors.

A consultant for number of companies involved in the care and treatment of ophthalmic problems, he has participated in research on corneal laser surgery, including LASIK (laser- assisted in situ keratomileusis) and PRK (photorefractive keratectomy), PTK (phototherapeutic keratotomy), wound healing and pain control. Dr. holds several patents on ophthalmic medical devices and one for pain control after refractive surgery. He has served as a consultant to VISX Inc, the leading manufacturer of excimer lasers and laser vision correction equipment. He was an expert witness for VISX Inc.in a number of trials involving intellectual property issues.

Dr. has edited two textbooks on refractive surgery. The second book, entitled, Surgery for Hyperopia, Slack Inc. will be available in October 2003. He also authored a monograph on excimer laser surgery and postoperative care for the American Academy of Ophthalmology as well as an Atlas of Refractive Surgery for the AAO. He serves as a member of the Preferred Practice Patterns Panel of the American Academy of Ophthalmology for Refractive Errors and Refractive Surgery. He received the Achievement Award from the AAO in 1999. A reviewer for a number of ophthalmic publications, Dr. serves on the refractive surgery editorial board of Eye professional magazine.